Fundamental Duties for Civil Services Exam

Here are the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens, as outlined in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, explained in detail, point-wise:

*Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)*

1. *Respect and follow the Constitution*: To respect and follow the Constitution, its ideals, and institutions.

2. *Defend the country*: To defend the country and maintain its sovereignty and integrity.

3. *Promote harmony and unity*: To promote harmony and unity among all people, regardless of religion, language, or region.

4. *Preserve rich heritage*: To preserve and promote India's rich cultural heritage, including its art, literature, and scientific achievements.

5. *Protect environment*: To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife.

6. *Develop scientific temper*: To develop a scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

7. *Protect public property*: To protect public property and prevent violence against it.

8. *Promote justice and equality*: To promote justice, equality, and fraternity, and to renounce practices derogatory to women.

9. *Abide by law*: To abide by the law and respect the dignity of women.

10. *Strive for excellence*: To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.

11. *Provide opportunities to weaker sections*: To provide opportunities for the weaker sections of society, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women.

*Additional Fundamental Duties (added by 42nd Amendment, 1976)*

1. *Protect and preserve natural resources*: To protect and preserve India's natural resources, including water, land, and minerals.

2. *Promote international peace*: To promote international peace and security, and to maintain friendly relations with other countries.

*Importance of Fundamental Duties*

1. Complement Fundamental Rights
2. Encourage responsible citizenship
3. Foster national unity and integration
4. Promote social justice and equality
5. Protect environment and natural resources

*Key Features*

1. Non-justiciable (cannot be enforced by courts)
2. Moral obligations on citizens
3. Not exhaustive, but indicative
4. Applies to all Indian citizens


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